Background: We aimed to evaluate Safinamide as add-on therapy, improving motor symptoms as well as patients’ quality of life. This study was specifically designed to investigate the efficacy of safinamide maintained without escalating the dose of levodopa and dopamine agonist during the treatment period.

Background: A breadth of preclinical studies (Doi et al, 2020; Piao et al, 2021; Hiller et al, 2022, Kirkeby et al, 2023) is now backing the rationale of pluripotent-stem cell (PSC)-derived cell replacement therapies to restore motor function in Parkinsonian patients. The target for replacement is the major dysfunctional cell population in the disease: ventral mesencephalic A9 dopaminergic neurons, which are particularly vulnerable to the in vitro manipulations required for intracerebral administration (Marchionini et al., 2003).

Background: Many Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients experience OFF episodes when their disease progresses. OFF episodes are very debilitating and require medication with a predictable and fast onset of effect. This unmet medical need was addressed by apomorphine-based products and Inbrija®, but these products still have limitations for the patient. Levodopa Cyclops® is a pre-filled, ready-to-use, single-use dry powder inhaler that offers PD patients unrivaled ease-of-use. Previous studies in PD patients have shown Levodopa Cyclops®’ rapid onset of action, ease-of-use during OFF episodes, fast efficacy (< 20 minutes) and tolerability.